Going to a doctor's appointment can be stressful on its own. But when there's also a language barrier, the fear of not understanding a diagnosis, treatment, or even a basic instruction can become even greater. For millions of people who speak Spanish or other languages besides English in the United States, this situation is common. What many don't know is that, in most cases, request an interpreter It's not a favor: It is a right protected by law.
The right to understand what's happening with your health
“If a person with limited English proficiency goes to a government office or any medical facility that receives federal funding, they must be provided with an interpreter,” he told Enlace Latino NC Aaron Jacobson, attorney for Legal Help for Farm Workers.
“For example, if you go to a federal hospital, or a state hospital, or even a private hospital that receives federal funding, the hospital is required to provide translators for everyone who is treated there.”
In the United States, there are federal laws that aim to prevent discrimination in essential services, including healthcare. These laws protect... people with limited English proficiency, known in English as Limited English Proficiency (LEP).
One of the main ones is Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination based on national origin in any institution that receives federal funds. Lack of access to the language is considered a form of discrimination, as it prevents the patient from receiving clear information about their own health.
In addition, Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act applies. This law states that hospitals, clinics, and doctors' offices that receive federal funding—for example, through Medicare or Medicaid—must guarantee linguistic accessibility. In practice, this means that They must provide qualified interpreters free of charge when the patient needs them to communicate with their healthcare provider. .
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In what situations can I request an interpreter?
The right to an interpreter applies to medical consultations, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, examinations, treatments, explanations of diagnoses, instructions for taking medication, and informed consent processes. Whether the appointment is short or long, if you don't understand English well, you can ask for help to communicate.
The interpreter can be present in person, but can also be available by phone or video call. Many hospitals use these systems when they don't have interpreters available on-site. In addition, healthcare facilities must provide important documents—such as forms or medical instructions—in your language whenever reasonably possible.
Can they force me to use a family member as an interpreter?
No. Although you can choose to bring a family member or friend if you feel more comfortable, The hospital or clinic cannot force you to use that person instead of a professional interpreter. In fact, federal authorities recommend against using minors or family members to interpret complex medical information, as they may make mistakes or feel pressured in sensitive situations.
If you request a professional interpreter, the health provider must provide one.
Related: Where to get free or low-cost health care in North Carolina?
Do I have to pay for the interpreter service?
No. The interpretation service should be free of charge for the patient. . Charging for an interpreter can be considered a violation of federal civil rights laws when the provider receives government funding.
What if they refuse to provide me with an interpreter?
If you arrive at your medical appointment and are not offered an interpreter, or are told it's not possible, you can insist and remind them that it's a right protected by federal law. You can also ask to speak with a supervisor, the patient services department, or the hospital's civil rights office.
If the problem persists, it is possible to file a complaint with the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (NCDHHS), in the area that investigates complaints of discrimination in health services.
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Tips before your appointment
To avoid problems, it's advisable to call ahead and explicitly request an interpreter in your language when scheduling your appointment. Arriving with extra time can help if you need assistance filling out forms. If the hospital has an online portal, check if it offers language options.
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